In response to escalating power demands, India has revised its coal supply policy to facilitate the growth of coal-powered electricity generation. The government now permits independent power producers (IPPs) to enter long-term coal supply contracts even without power purchase agreements (PPAs), aiming to promote new thermal power projects. This policy enables IPPs to procure coal through auctions for durations ranging from 12 months to 25 years, by paying a premium above the set price. The strategy focuses on establishing coal plants near coal mine pitheads to ease transportation challenges. India plans to increase its coal-fired power capacity from 222 GW to 302 GW by 2031-32, in response to rising power demand. Simultaneously, India continues to invest in renewable energy, targeting 500 GW by 2030, up from the current 172 GW. However, progress in clean energy is hindered by issues such as weak demand for tenders, land acquisition difficulties, delays in PPAs, and project cancellations